Census of India 2011  The Census of India 2011 is the biggest-ever census attempted in the history of mankind enumerating the country's 1.2 billion population. A first-ever National Population Register (NPR) will also be prepared in which all persons aged over 15 years will be photographed and fingerprinted to create a biometric national database. With this India will probably become the first democratic nation in the world which would have got its population fingerprinted in a year from now.    The 15th National Census exercise, which was first conducted in 1872, will capture the socio-economic-cultural profile of its citizens besides seeking information for the creation of the National Population Register..

The Census of India 2011 that began on April 1, 2010  would cover all 640 districts, 5,767 tehsils, 7,742 towns and more than 6 lakh villages in the country.  During the Census  exercise, the enumerators, most of whom would be teachers, NGO, local officials,  retired employees and others  will for the first time collect information like ownership of mobile phones, computers, internet, availability of treated drinking water facilities and electricity with the other Census information.   For the first time, the United Nations Children's Fund (Unicef) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) would also help to create master trainers, who would educate the enumerators and supervisors to conducted the massive census operation.   The Census of India 2011 began on April 1, 2010   The Census of India 2011 began on April 1, 2010.  President Pratibha Devisingh Patil was the first person to be listed in the decennial exercise as the first citizen of the country.  She appealed to her compatriots to follow her example “for the good of the nation.''  “My appeal to all brothers and sisters of the country is to wholeheartedly take part in the gigantic national tasks of Census and preparation of the first ever National Population Register. It is important for the nation as well as you,'' she said after a delegation of the Census officials visited Rashtrapati Bhavan  on April 1, 2010 and took down her information.                                     The Vice-President M. Hamid Ansari was the next one to be listed by the Census officials. The 15th National Census exercise, that began on April 1, 2010  will cost around Rs. 2,209 crore while the expenditure on NPR will be Rs. 3,539.24 crore.      Mr. Chandramouli said the first phase, called the House listing and Housing Census, will be conducted between this April and July.2010. The second phase, called the Population Enumeration phase, will be  conducted simultaneously all over the country from February 9 to 28, 2011, and the entire exercise would be completed by March 5, 2011. The preliminary census result would be declared March 25, 2011.   History    The Indian census  enjoys the reputation of being one of the best in the world. The first census in India was conducted in 1872 with a diverse schedule and separately in different regions. In 1981, a census was taken for the entire country simultaneously. Census is an administrative exercise carried out by the Government of India. It involves the collection of information about the entire population with regard to many factors like demography, socio-cultural and economic characteristics.  The census of India  2011  would be the 15th census since 1872 and the seventh census after India's independence.

National Population Register (NPR)   The creation of National Population Register (NPR) of  residents of the country is an ambitious project. It involves the collection of specific information on each person residing in the country. It would cover an estimated population of 1.2 billion and the total cost of the scheme is Rs.3539.24 crores. This is for the first time that NPR is being prepared. NPR will include all the necessary  information. The database will also contain photograph and finger biometry of persons above the age of 15 years. The draft Local Register of Usual Residents (LRUR) would be displayed in the villages in rural areas and wards in urban areas for inviting objections like spellings in names, address, date of birth etc.   When  the database is finalised, then  every individual  will be assigned a Unique Identification Number (UID) by the Unique Identification Authority of  India (UIDAI). Later this UID number will be added to the NPR database. It is proposed to issue identity card,  which will be a smart card with UID number printed on it and include basic details like name, mother’s/father’s name, sex, date and place of birth, photograph. Complete details will be stored in the chip. residency status of any person enumerated.     NPR would provide a standard identity database and facilitate the allotment of Unique Identification (UID) Number to each individual, something like a permanent identifier - right from birth to death of the individual. There is an increasing need for a credible identification system for the country as a whole. It becomes all the more important because of various factors such as the need to reach out to every  people in  the  country, to keep a check on illegal migration and also with regard to the issue of internal security.   The  NPR  provide an unique identification number that would benefit the common man in many ways. It will strike off the need for producing multiple documentary proofs of identity by an individual for availing government or private services  The creation of an identity database would help enhance the targeting of various beneficiary oriented schemes of the Government and non governmental agencies. NPR would also serve the requirement of sprucing up tax collection.

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