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Introduction   Common Name   Gokharu Plant   Chemical Constituents   Cultivation   History   Gokharu as Medicinal Herb   Gokharu other uses   Gokharu Benefits   Economics   Recent research       Introduction:    Gokharu (Tribulus terrestris) is found in tropical climates of the world. It is found mainly in India, America, and Australia. Pedalium murex is native to India. In Ayurveda Tribulus terrestris is known as Chhote or Kanti Gokharu and Pedalium murex as Boda Gokharu. Medicinal uses are more or less same for both the varieties.    Tribulus Terrestris plant also called as "puncture vine"  has long been used all around the world for various diseases. Tribulus Terrestris popularly claimed functioning to improve human sexual. It is widely used to treat ailments such as headache, nervous disruption, constipation, and sexual dysfunction. Tribulus terrestris L  is used in the Arabic folk medicine to treat various diseases, mainly diabetes. Extract of Tribulus Terrestris plant stimulated the power production in the body and brings fitness and happiness to life.     The most noted benefits of tribulus terrestris is it's use in treating sexual deficiencies. It has been used for years to treat libido and infertility problems.    Common Name:   Hindi -          Gokharu    English -      Land-calotrops    Latin  -        Tribulus Terrestris Linn    Family Name- Zygophyllaceae     Sanskrit -     Goshurah, shuuadamshtra, swadukantaka, trikantaka   Tamil    -      Nerinci, Palleru-mullu ,Neranjal    Kannada -    Negalu   Telgu       -   Palleru    Malayalam-  Nerinnil, Nerinill    Marathi     -  Sarapte, Dhakte Gokharu   Bengali:      Goxuri, Chhote gokhuri     Gokharu Plant:    Gokharu is a taprooted herbaceous perennial plant that grows as a summer annual in colder climates. Gokhru  primary branches which is up to 1.5 meters long radiating from the crown of the taproot. The roots of this plant are slender, cylindrical, somewhat fibrous, 10 to 15 centimetres long, light brown and faintly aromatic. The leaves of this plant are opposite, paripinnate, up to 5.5 centimetres long, one of each pair usually smaller than the other. The leaflets are of 3 to 6 pairs and are 6 to 12 millimetres long, with silky hairs on surfaces, apex mucronate, base rounded oblique and petioles are very short.   Flowers of Gokharu plant are yellow in colour and are 0.7 to 2 centimetres in diameter. The fruits of Gokhru are globose and possess 5 to 12 woody cocci, each with 2 pairs of hard, sharp, divaricate spines, with one pair longer than the other. There are several seeds in each crocus with transverse partitions between them. The fruits and flowers are available throughout the year.

Gokharu (Tribulus terrestris) plant               Gokharu (Tribulus terrestris) seeds      Useful in diseases   Impotence   Rheumatisms   Urinary disorders     Urinary stones   Swelling

Chemical Constituents:    Gokharu (Tribulus terrestris) plant contain alkaloids, resins, tannins, sugars, sterols, essential oil, peroxidase, diastase and glucoside.     Cultivation    It is a taprooted herbaceous perennial plant that grows as a summer annual in colder climates. It grows naturally in sandy soil and found near agricultural fields, railways tracks and non fertile lands. It is considered a noxious weed  and an invasive species and animals does not harm its growth.    History    Tribulus terrestris a Far East herb also known as Gokshura`in Ayurveda` and Bai Ji Li in China which traditionally has`been used for sexual and kidney dysfunctions as well as colic pains,`hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. It has a long standing use of` being a revitalizer and energizer (increases energy).`In Greek history, it is widely used to treat ailments such as headache, nervous disruption, constipation, and sexual dysfunction. In China and India, Tribulus Terrestris is used as the remedy for liver, kidney, urinary and cardiovascular.     Gokharu as Medicinal Herb    In Ayurvedic system of medicine Gokhru is indicated  for the treatment of urinary disorders, kidney diseases, diseases of the genito-urinary system, calculus affections and impotence. It is used for regulation of heart functions, reduction of inflammation, indigestion, chronic cough and` asthma also. In Ayurveda it is considered that Gokhru helps to improve vitality and vigor.  Gokshur is widely used in various formulations in Ayurvedic medicine. Some of the classical formulations containing Gokshur are: Gokshuradi churan, Gokshuradyavleha, Gokshuradi gugglu, Gokshuradi kwath, Dashmoolarishta.    The fruits of Gokhru are used in Ayurveda in the treatment of kidney stones, painful urination and other genito- urinary disorders, mainly in the form of an infusion. They are also prescribed for the treatment of breathing difficulties, diabetes, rheumatism, piles, dropsy, heart diseases, impotence and Bright`s disease. The leaves of this medicinal plant of India are considered to possess stomachic properties, and a paste prepared from them is used in the treatment of bladder stones.     Gokharu other uses    Athletes used the extract of Tribulus Terrestris dietary supplement to increase energy, provide healthy hormone function, enhance muscle movement and provide energy for the athletes during the training session.    Tribulus (puncture vine) is a vine that has been used as a general tonic (energy) and herbal treatment for impotence, but is found primarily in dietary supplements marketed for increasing testosterone levels in bodybuilders and power athletes.    The main use of Tribulus Terristris is to increase Male and Female Libido and a Fitness Supplement     Adverse effects from supplementation with  Tribulus terrestris  are rare and tend to be insignificant. However, some users report an upset stomach, which can usually be counteracted by taking it with food.   Gokharu Benefits   Tribulus terrestris benefits identified in various human and animal studies are :  *. Improves muscle growth and body strength.  *  Reported to enhance libido sexualis and erectile function.  *. Reported to increase the number and motility of spermatozoa.  *  Increases LH levels by 72% and testosterone levels by 41% in only five days.  *. Helps in alleviating some symptoms associated with male menopause.  *. Reduction in cholesterol.  *. Reductions in high blood pressure.  *. Inhibition of stress-induced clumping of blood platelets.  *  Increases in strength of contraction of the heart muscle.  *. Reductions in sodium and fluid retention.  *. Anti-urolithiatic (urinary/kidney stone preventing) and litholytic (dissolving) activities.  *. Improvement of the profile of red and white blood cells and stimulation of the humoral immune system.  *. Anti-bacterial, anti-malarial and anti-fungal properties, anti-inflammatory activity.  *. Analgesic effects.   *. No adverse effects.  *. No toxicity and side effects. `*  Most Common and very Effective in problems connected with Urination  *. Used for disurea, kidney stone and uncomfortable urination.  *. Used in to cure headache, eye problem as hives, conjunctivitis, weak eyesight and anxiety.  *. It is used to cure high blood pressure and flank pain.  *. For athletic performance, muscle mass enhancement, and as a testosterone booster.  *. It suitable for premenstrual syndrome and menopausal syndrome.

Economics    Tribulus Terrestris powder, extract is in great demand for dietary supplement to increase energy, provide healthy hormone function, enhance muscle movement and provide energy for the athletes during the training session. It is also widely used in various formulations in Ayurvedic medicine.     The prices of  Tribulus Terrestris powder and extract is determined by market demand.   Recent research   Gokhru is well supported with research papers published all over the world in renowned medical research journals of recent times.    * School of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Southern Cross University Lismore, New South Wales, Australia. study - Tribulus terrestris is an herbal nutritional supplement that is promoted to produce large gains in strength and lean muscle mass in 5-28 days    * In a recent Tribulus Terrestris study of males and females, over 90% of  the participants had significantly increased sexual performance and libido within the first day. There are numerous libido enhancers available, and Tribulus Terrestris is the main ingredient in all libido enhancers.   * Tribulus Terrestris also has phenomenal anti-aging benefits! Our testosterone levels decline as we get older, leading to many of the physiological problems associating with aging (loss of muscle, increased body fat,  decreased sexual drive & function, etc.) Tribulus Terrestris will restore your testosterone back to youthful levels, thus eliminating many of the physical signs of aging.  * Studies show that it works very well when stacked with DHEA and androstenedione. It increased testosterone levels in a different way, however, than either DHEA or andro do. Instead of being a testosterone precursor, it leads to the production of the luteinizing hormone (LH). When LH levels are increased, the natural production of testosterone also increases. LH is a hormone that also deals with sex drive.